1.Bukatar makamashi ta duniya tana karuwa sannu a hankali
A cikin 2020, buƙatun iskar gas zai ragu da 1.9%.Wannan wani bangare ne saboda canjin amfani da makamashi a lokacin mafi girman barnar da sabuwar annoba ta haifar.Amma a sa'i daya kuma, wannan kuma shi ne sakamakon sanyin sanyi da aka yi a yankin arewacin kasar a bara.
A cikin nazarinta na Tsaron Gas na Duniya, Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya (IEA) ta ce bukatar iskar gas na iya sake dawowa da kashi 3.6 cikin 100 a shekarar 2021. Idan ba a magance ba, nan da shekarar 2024, yawan iskar gas na duniya na iya karuwa da kashi 7% daga matakin da aka dauka kafin sabuwar annobar.
Ko da yake ana ci gaba da sauye-sauye daga kwal zuwa iskar gas, ana sa ran karuwar bukatar iskar gas zai ragu.Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta ce gwamnatoci na iya buƙatar yin doka don tabbatar da cewa haɓakar iskar gas da ke da alaƙa ba za ta zama matsala ba - muna buƙatar ƙarin manufofi masu fa'ida don canzawa zuwa manufar "haɓaka sifili".
A shekarar 2011, farashin iskar gas a Turai ya karu da kashi 600%.Daga shekara ta 2022 zuwa yanzu, jerin abubuwan da suka haifar da rikici tsakanin Rasha da Ukraine kai tsaye sun haifar da karancin makamashi a duniya, kuma samar da mai, iskar gas da wutar lantarki ya yi matukar tasiri.
A cikin Arewacin Hemisphere, farkon 2021 yana katsewa da jerin matsanancin yanayin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi.Manyan yankuna na Amurka suna fama da vortex na polar, wanda ke haifar da ƙanƙara, dusar ƙanƙara da ƙarancin zafi a kudancin jihar Texas. Wani lokacin sanyi mai tsananin sanyi a arewacin kogin zai ƙara matsin lamba kan tsarin samar da iskar gas da aka riga aka shimfiɗa.
Don jimre wa karuwar bukatar makamashi a cikin yanayin sanyi, ba lallai ba ne kawai don magance ƙalubalen da ƙarancin iskar gas ke kawowa.Hayar jiragen ruwa don jigilar LNG a duniya kuma rashin isassun ƙarfin jigilar kayayyaki zai shafa, wanda ke sa ya zama mai wahala da tsada don tinkarar karuwar bukatar makamashi.Hukumar Kula da Makamashi ta Duniya ta ce, "A cikin lokacin sanyi uku da suka gabata na arewacin hemisphere, farashin hayar jiragen ruwa na LNG yau da kullun ya karu zuwa sama da dala 100000.A cikin yanayin sanyi da ba a zata ba a Arewa maso Gabashin Asiya a watan Janairun 2021, dangane da ainihin karancin karfin jigilar kayayyaki, kudin hayar jirgi ya kai dala sama da 200000 a tarihi."
Bayan haka, a cikin hunturu na 2022, ta yaya za mu guje wa tasirin rayuwarmu ta yau da kullun saboda ƙarancin albarkatu?Wannan tambaya ce da ya kamata a yi tunani akai
2.Makamashi mai alaƙa da rayuwar yau da kullun
Makamashi yana nufin albarkatun da zasu iya samar da makamashi.Makamashi a nan yawanci yana nufin makamashin thermal, makamashin lantarki, makamashin haske, makamashin injina, makamashin sinadarai da sauransu. Abubuwan da zasu iya samar da makamashin motsi, makamashin injina da makamashi ga dan adam.
Ana iya raba makamashi zuwa kashi uku bisa ga tushe: (1) Makamashi daga rana.Ya hada da makamashi kai tsaye daga rana (kamar makamashin thermal radiation makamashi) da makamashi a kaikaice daga rana (kamar kwal, mai, iskar gas, man shale da sauran ma'adanai masu ƙonewa da kuma makamashin biomass kamar itacen mai, makamashin ruwa da sauransu). makamashin iska).(2) Makamashi daga ita kanta ƙasa.Daya shine makamashin kasa da kasa, kamar ruwan zafi na karkashin kasa, tururi karkashin kasa da busasshen dutsen zafi;Dayan kuma shi ne makamashin nukiliya da ke kunshe da makamashin nukiliya kamar uranium da thorium a cikin ɓawon ƙasa.(3) Makamashi da ake samu ta hanyar jan hankali na sararin samaniya kamar wata da rana a duniya, kamar makamashin ruwa.
A halin yanzu dai ana fama da karancin man fetur da iskar gas da sauran albarkatun makamashi.Za mu iya yin la’akari da makamashin da za mu yi amfani da shi?Amsar ita ce eh.A matsayin jigon tsarin hasken rana, rana tana isar da makamashi mai yawa ga duniya kowace rana.Tare da ci gaban kimiyya da fasaharmu, yawan amfani da makamashin hasken rana yana inganta sannu a hankali, kuma ya haɓaka zuwa fasahar da za ta iya samun makamashi a farashi mai rahusa.Ka'idar wannan fasaha ita ce amfani da na'urorin hasken rana don karɓar makamashin zafin rana da kuma mayar da shi zuwa ajiyar wutar lantarki.A halin yanzu, mafi ƙarancin farashi da ake samu don iyalai shine panel baturi + baturin ajiyar makamashi na gida/batir ajiyar makamashi na waje.
Ina so in ba da misali a nan don taimaka muku fahimtar wannan samfurin.
Wani ya tambaye ni, shin nawa wutar lantarki za ta iya samar da hasken rana watt 100 a rana?
100 W * 4 h = 400 W h = 0.4 kW h (kWh)
Batirin 12V100Ah = 12V * 100AH = 1200Wh
Don haka, idan kuna son cika cikakken cajin baturin 12V100AH, kuna buƙatar ci gaba da caje shi da makamashin hasken rana 300W na tsawon awanni 4.
Gabaɗaya, baturin shine 12V 100Ah, don haka baturin da ya cika cikakke kuma ana iya amfani dashi akai-akai zai iya fitar da 12V x 100Ah x 80%=960Wh
Lokacin amfani da kayan aikin 300W, a ka'idar 960Wh/300W = 3.2h, ana iya amfani dashi na awanni 3.2.Hakazalika, ana iya amfani da baturin 24V 100Ah na awanni 6.4.
a wasu kalmomi.Batirin 100ah kawai yana buƙatar amfani da hasken rana don yin cajin sa'o'i 4 don kunna ƙaramin hita na awa 3.2.
Abu mafi mahimmanci shi ne cewa wannan shine mafi ƙasƙanci mafi ƙasƙanci akan kasuwa.Idan muka maye gurbinsa da babban baturi mai girma da babban baturin ajiyar makamashi fa?Lokacin da muka maye gurbinsu da manyan batura na ajiyar makamashi da na'urorin hasken rana, mun yi imanin za su iya samar da bukatun gidanmu na yau da kullun.
Misali, baturin ajiyar makamashinmu FP-F2000 an tsara shi don tafiya waje, don haka ya fi šaukuwa da haske.Baturin yana da ƙarfin 2200Wh.Idan an yi amfani da kayan aikin 300w, ana iya amfani da shi gabaɗaya har tsawon sa'o'i 7.3.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-16-2022
