1. Ka'ida da halaye na fasahar ajiyar makamashi
Na'urar ajiyar makamashi mai kunshe da sassan ajiyar makamashi da na'urar shiga wutar lantarki da ke kunshe da na'urorin lantarki sun zama manyan sassa biyu na tsarin ajiyar makamashi.Na'urar ajiyar makamashi yana da mahimmanci don gane ajiyar makamashi, saki ko musayar wuta mai sauri.Na'urar samun damar wutar lantarki ta gane hanyar canja wurin makamashi ta hanyoyi biyu da juyawa tsakanin na'urar ajiyar makamashi da grid ɗin wutar lantarki, kuma ya gane ayyukan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun wutar lantarki, haɓaka makamashi, amincin samar da wutar lantarki da kwanciyar hankali tsarin wutar lantarki.
Tsarin ajiyar makamashi yana da nau'i mai yawa, daga dubun kilowatts zuwa daruruwan megawatts;Tsawon lokacin fitarwa yana da girma, daga millisecond zuwa awa;Wide aikace-aikace kewayon, a ko'ina cikin dukan ikon samar, watsa, rarraba, lantarki tsarin;An fara bincike da amfani da fasahar adana makamashi mai girma, wanda sabon batu ne kuma filin bincike mai zafi a gida da waje.
2. Hanyoyin ajiyar makamashi na kowa
A halin yanzu, mahimman fasahohin ajiyar makamashi sun haɗa da ajiyar makamashi ta jiki (kamar ajiyar wutar lantarki, matsananciyar ajiyar makamashin iska, ajiyar makamashin tashi sama, da sauransu), ajiyar makamashin sinadarai (kamar kowane nau'in batura, batura mai sabuntawa, kwararar ruwa). batura, supercapacitors, da dai sauransu) da kuma ajiyar makamashi na lantarki (kamar ma'ajiyar makamashin lantarki mai ƙarfi, da sauransu).
1) Mafi balagagge kuma yadu amfani da ajiyar makamashi na jiki shine ajiya mai famfo, wanda ke da mahimmanci ga ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun hatsi, cikawar hatsi, daidaitawar mita, tsarin lokaci da ajiyar gaggawa na tsarin wutar lantarki.Lokacin saki na ajiyar famfo na iya zama daga ƴan sa'o'i zuwa ƴan kwanaki, kuma ƙarfin jujjuyawar kuzarinsa yana cikin kewayon 70% zuwa 85%.Lokacin gina tashar wutar lantarki mai dumama yana da tsawo kuma yana iyakance ta ƙasa.Lokacin da tashar wutar lantarki ta yi nisa da wurin amfani da wutar lantarki, asarar watsawa tana da girma.An yi amfani da ajiyar makamashin da aka matse a farkon shekarar 1978, amma ba a inganta shi sosai ba saboda ƙuntatawar yanayi da yanayin ƙasa.Ma’ajiyar makamashi ta Flywheel tana amfani da mota don tuƙa gardamar don juyawa cikin sauri, wanda ke canza makamashin lantarki zuwa makamashin injina kuma yana adana shi.Lokacin da ya zama dole, ƙwanƙolin tashi yana motsa janareta don samar da wutar lantarki.Ajiye makamashi na Flywheel yana da tsawon rayuwa, babu gurɓatacce, ƙarancin kulawa, amma ƙarancin ƙarfin kuzari, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi azaman kari ga tsarin baturi.
2) Akwai nau'ikan ajiyar makamashin sinadarai da yawa, tare da matakan haɓaka fasaha daban-daban da kuma buƙatun aikace-aikacen:
(1) Adana makamashin baturi shine mafi girma kuma ingantaccen fasahar adana makamashi a halin yanzu.Dangane da nau'ikan sinadarai daban-daban da ake amfani da su, ana iya raba shi zuwa batirin gubar-acid, baturin nickel-cadmium, batirin nickel-metal hydride baturi, batirin lithium-ion, batirin sulfur sodium, da dai sauransu. za a sanya shi cikin tsarin ajiya mai yawa, kuma farashin makamashi na naúrar da farashin tsarin yana da ƙasa, aminci da abin dogara kuma sake amfani da shi yana da kyau jira ga wani hali, a halin yanzu shine tsarin ajiyar makamashi mafi amfani, ya kasance a cikin ƙananan wutar lantarki, tsarin samar da wutar lantarki na photovoltaic. , da kuma ƙanana da matsakaici a cikin tsarin tsara tsararraki ana amfani da su sosai, amma saboda gubar gurɓataccen ƙarfe ne mai nauyi, batirin gubar-acid ba su kasance nan gaba ba.Manyan batura irin su lithium-ion, sodium-sulfur da nickel-metal hydride baturi suna da tsada mai yawa, kuma fasahar adana makamashi mai girma ba ta girma ba.Ayyukan samfuran ba za su iya biyan buƙatun ajiyar makamashi a halin yanzu ba, kuma ba za a iya yin kasuwanci da tattalin arziki ba.
(2) Babban baturin wutar lantarki mai sabuntawa yana da babban saka hannun jari, farashi mai girma da ingantaccen juzu'in sake zagayowar, don haka bai dace a yi amfani da shi azaman tsarin ajiyar makamashi na kasuwanci ba a halin yanzu.
(3) Baturin ajiyar makamashi mai kwararar ruwa yana da fa'ida na ingantaccen canjin makamashi, ƙarancin aiki da tsadar kulawa, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin fasahohin don adana makamashi da ƙa'ida na ingantaccen kuma manyan hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki mai haɗin grid.An yi amfani da fasahar adana makamashin ruwa mai kwarara a cikin kasashe masu nuna alama kamar Amurka, Jamus, Japan da Burtaniya, amma har yanzu yana kan matakin bincike da ci gaba a kasar Sin.
Lokacin aikawa: Agusta-17-2022
